Reverse+Osmosis,+2013


 * ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY WIKI GROUP PROJECT **

**EES 2211, Leone Samuels **

**GOVERNMENT OF BERMUDA**


 * //'Water Conservation'//**


 * Creators: Jordan Osborne, Margaret Daniels & Teshae Trott **



Ministry of Public Works The Water and Wastewater Section Tynes Bay Industrial Complex 31 Palmetto Road Devonshire DV05

Introduction The modern world uses huge amounts of water and is in huge demand as the population increases. It is estimated that the total annual fresh water use is approximately 4000 cubic km worldwide. The average person uses 120 gallons per day.

The purpose of this wiki site is to enlighten viewers of sustainable water in relation to human use and the effects it has on our land and the environment. Our group focused on the Tynes Bay Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Facility.

**Interview ** Tarik Christopher Principal Engineer Water and Water Waste, The Bermuda Government Derek Woolley Chief Executive Officer Roconservices

=**[|Organization] **= The Tynes Bay Sea Water Reverse Osmosis facility is operated by private company, [|Roconservices], which is contracted to The Bermuda Government. This facility is responsible for managing drinkable and potable water through the process of Reverse Osmosis Process. The plant has been in function since 2008. Currently, the Incinerator, City of Hamilton, Tuckers Town, and Prospect Water Reservoir are the main focus of the plant. It has however recently begun to expand its service to Sandys Parish, via the pipeline that is being placed in the area.


 * Mission: **

> To act as the Government functional authority on all matters related to water and wastewater engineering > >
 * To provide planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the Government water extraction, treatment and distribution systems and the waste water collection and distribution system
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">To produce potable water on a cost recovery basis to meet demand
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">To provide septage receiving facilities for private sanitation truckers and for limited public facilities

Organizational Structure **<span style="color: #77933c; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">: ** >
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Principal Civil Engineer
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Project Engineer
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Operations Engineer
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Assistant Operations Engineer
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Distribution Superintendent
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Treatment Superintendent
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Treatment Foreman
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Project Works Foreman



**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Funding: ** <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">The Bermuda Government funded the Reverse Osmosis Plant for $14M. The electricity that is produced by The Tynes Bay Incinerator services itself and the entire Reverse Osmosis Plant.


 * <span style="color: #77933c; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Reverse Osmosis Process: **

<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">The staff Roconservices carries out their responsibility through an eight step process. Each step is important in the final product of drinkable and potable water.

**<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 1: Retrieval Stage ** >
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sea water is taken from the ocean via two main pipes that are drilled deep into a limestone well.
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">The limestone operates as a natural filter that helps to keep debris from the ocean out. The well is located at the coastline.
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">This well is generated by electricity that is produced by the Tynes Bay Incinerator.

**<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 2: Filter Stage 1 ** > <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">The water is filtered down to 20 microns > >
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sea water is cleaned at this stage
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Six tanks are used to filter extracted sea water
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Each tank has three levels filled with sand which filters the sea water



**<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 3: Filter Stage 2 **

<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Water is sent to two a series of 62 cylinders called membranes which filter salt water further that uses high pressure



**<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 4: Osmosis Stage **
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Now that the salt water has been cleaned the reversal stage can begin

= = **<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 5: Checking Stage **
 * **[|High pressure]** <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;">is applied to fresh water
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">This allows reversal of natural flow of fresh to salt
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Converted fresh water is tested using filters spread throughout each cylinder.
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">These filters are connected to a switchboard panel that allows the water to be tested.
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">This testing helps to ensure that the water is drinkable and potable. Also they indicate if the membranes need to be changed,
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">This secures a high quality product.

**<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 6: Chemical Alteration Stage 1 **
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Fresh water is sent to outdoor tank
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Hydrogen Sulphide is extracted from fresh water



**<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 7: Chemical Alteration Stage 2 **
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Hydrogen sulphide free water was sent to underground well
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Calcium carbonate is added to prevent the water which by this time is absent of minerals absent of mineral from eroding well and pipes in order to regain minerals on its own.
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Chlorine is added to kill bacteria

**<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Step 8: Distribution ** > > <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;">Fresh water is also held in underground wells on the plant property. This water may be accessed by water trucks. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
 * <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Fresh water is then sent to Prospect reservoir, Tuckers Town, and the City of Hamilton

**<span style="color: #77933c; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sustainable Features: **

<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">The Roconservices method of reverse osmosis enables the plant to act in a sustainable manner. The energy to run the plant is entirely from the Tynes Bay Incinerator, which gets its electricity from burning waste. Hardly any energy is wasted. The 60% of water not carried through after step 2 is sent to the Incinerator to assist cooling. During step 4 the use of an energy recovery device maximizes the amount of energy used in the reversal stage by recycling energy. This entire system is rated as one of the best sustainable projects in the world as it has an energy efficiency of 93%. The carbon foot print left from this site is barely visible. The Bermuda Reverse Osmosis Plant deals primarily with water. However, it contributes sustainable land use in a number of ways.

<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;">The community can help this initiative by reducing the pollution to Bermuda waters and reducing their water use!



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 * <span style="color: #77933c; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Helpful Links: **

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**<span style="color: #77933c; font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sources: ** <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Interviewees- **Joseph Tarik Christopher** <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Principal Engineer, Water and Wastewater Section <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;"> The Government of Bermuda <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;"> **Derek Woolley** <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Chief Executive Officer <span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Roconservices

<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Bermuda Government Water Conservation

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<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ted Talk Video Clip

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<span style="font-family: Andalus,serif; font-size: 14pt;">Youtube

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